Optimize code

Pop a toast instead of crash when creating user failed Add popToast function Update READMEs
2026-03-23 11:05:59 +00:00 · 2025-08-21 09:11:36 +08:00
parent b3d746083f
commit c745eb25a9
13 changed files with 97 additions and 81 deletions
--- a/Readme-en.md
+++ b/Readme-en.md
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Solutions:
 > [!NOTE]
 > Some systems have features such as app cloning and children space, which are usually users.

-### MIUI
+### MIUI & HyperOS

 ```text
 java.lang.SecurityException: Neither user 2000 nor current process has android.permission.MANAGE_DEVICE_ADMINS.
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ java.lang.SecurityException: Neither user 2000 nor current process has android.p

 Solutions:
 - Enable `USB debugging (Security setting)` in developer options.
- Execute activating command in root shell.
+- Or execute activating command in root shell.

 ### ColorOS

@@ -75,6 +75,14 @@ java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unexpected @ProvisioningPreCondition

 Solution: Use OwnDroid testkey version

+### Samsung
+
+```text
+user limit reached
+```
+
+Samsung restricts Android's multiple users feature. There is currently no solution.
+
 ## API

 | ID                     | Extras        | Minimum Android version |
--- a/Readme.md
+++ b/Readme.md
@@ -57,15 +57,13 @@ java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to set the device owner because the
 > [!NOTE]
 > 一些系统有应用克隆、儿童空间等功能，它们通常是用户。

-### MIUI
+### MIUI & HyperOS

 ```text
 java.lang.SecurityException: Neither user 2000 nor current process has android.permission.MANAGE_DEVICE_ADMINS.
 ```

-解决办法：
- 在开发者设置中打开`USB调试（安全设置）`。
- 在root命令行中执行激活命令
+解决办法： 在开发者设置中打开`USB调试（安全设置）`，或在root命令行中执行激活命令。

 ### ColorOS

@@ -75,6 +73,14 @@ java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unexpected @ProvisioningPreCondition

 解决办法：使用 OwnDroid testkey 版本

+### 三星
+
+```text
+user limit reached
+```
+
+三星限制了多用户功能，暂无解决办法。
+
 ## API

 | ID                     | Extra         | 最小安卓版本 |
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/MainActivity.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/MainActivity.kt
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package com.bintianqi.owndroid

 import android.os.Build.VERSION
 import android.os.Bundle
-import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.activity.compose.setContent
 import androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
 import androidx.activity.viewModels
@@ -481,7 +480,7 @@ fun Home(vm: MyViewModel, onLock: () -> Unit) {
        if(profileNotActivated) {
            dpm.setProfileEnabled(receiver)
            sp.managedProfileActivated = true
-            Toast.makeText(context, R.string.work_profile_activated, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+            context.popToast(R.string.work_profile_activated)
        }
    }
    DhizukuErrorDialog {
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/PackageChooser.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/PackageChooser.kt
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import android.content.pm.PackageManager
 import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Bundle
-import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.activity.ComponentActivity
 import androidx.activity.compose.setContent
 import androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ fun AppChooserScreen(params: ApplicationsList, onChoosePackage: (String?) -> Uni
                        }
                        IconButton({
                            system = !system
-                            Toast.makeText(context, if(system) R.string.show_system_app else R.string.show_user_app, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                            context.popToast(if(system) R.string.show_system_app else R.string.show_user_app)
                        }) {
                            Icon(painter = painterResource(R.drawable.filter_alt_fill0), contentDescription = null)
                        }
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/Receiver.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/Receiver.kt
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import android.os.Build.VERSION
 import android.os.PersistableBundle
 import android.os.UserHandle
 import android.os.UserManager
-import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.dpm.handleNetworkLogs
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.dpm.handlePrivilegeChange
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ class Receiver : DeviceAdminReceiver() {

    override fun onProfileProvisioningComplete(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
        super.onProfileProvisioningComplete(context, intent)
-        Toast.makeText(context, R.string.create_work_profile_success, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+        context.popToast(R.string.create_work_profile_success)
    }

    override fun onNetworkLogsAvailable(context: Context, intent: Intent, batchToken: Long, networkLogsCount: Int) {
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/ShizukuService.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/ShizukuService.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import android.content.ServiceConnection
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager
 import android.os.Bundle
 import android.os.IBinder
-import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.annotation.Keep
 import rikka.shizuku.Shizuku
 import rikka.sui.Sui
@@ -54,12 +53,12 @@ fun useShizuku(context: Context, action: (IBinder?) -> Unit) {
        if (Shizuku.checkSelfPermission() == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Shizuku.bindUserService(getShizukuArgs(context), connection)
        } else if(Shizuku.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale()) {
-            Toast.makeText(context, R.string.permission_denied, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+            context.popToast(R.string.permission_denied)
        } else {
            Sui.init(context.packageName)
            fun requestPermissionResultListener(requestCode: Int, grantResult: Int) {
                if(grantResult != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
-                    Toast.makeText(context, R.string.permission_denied, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    context.popToast(R.string.permission_denied)
                }
                Shizuku.removeRequestPermissionResultListener(::requestPermissionResultListener)
            }
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/Utils.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/Utils.kt
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ fun uriToStream(
            operation(it)
        }
    }
-    catch(_: FileNotFoundException) { Toast.makeText(context, R.string.file_not_exist, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() }
-    catch(_: IOException) { Toast.makeText(context, R.string.io_exception, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() }
+    catch(_: FileNotFoundException) { context.popToast(R.string.file_not_exist) }
+    catch(_: IOException) { context.popToast(R.string.io_exception) }
 }

 fun writeClipBoard(context: Context, string: String):Boolean{
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ fun formatDate(pattern: String, value: Long): String
    = SimpleDateFormat(pattern, Locale.getDefault()).format(Date(value))

 fun Context.showOperationResultToast(success: Boolean) {
-    Toast.makeText(this, if(success) R.string.success else R.string.failed, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+    popToast(if(success) R.string.success else R.string.failed)
 }

 const val APK_MIME = "application/vnd.android.package-archive"
@@ -143,3 +143,11 @@ fun getPackageSignature(info: PackageInfo): String? {
    return signatures?.firstOrNull()?.toByteArray()
        ?.let { MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256").digest(it) }?.toHexString()
 }
+
+fun Context.popToast(resId: Int) {
+    Toast.makeText(this, resId, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+}
+
+fun Context.popToast(str: String) {
+    Toast.makeText(this, str, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+}
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/Network.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/Network.kt
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import android.net.wifi.WifiSsid
 import android.os.Build.VERSION
 import android.os.Bundle
 import android.telephony.data.ApnSetting
-import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.activity.compose.rememberLauncherForActivityResult
 import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
@@ -135,6 +134,7 @@ import com.bintianqi.owndroid.formatDate
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.formatFileSize
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.humanReadableDate
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.myPrivilege
+import com.bintianqi.owndroid.popToast
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.showOperationResultToast
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.CheckBoxItem
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.ErrorDialog
@@ -1396,27 +1396,29 @@ fun PrivateDnsScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
    val receiver = context.getReceiver()
    val focusMgr = LocalFocusManager.current
    MyScaffold(R.string.private_dns, onNavigateUp) {
-        val dnsStatus = mapOf(
-            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_UNKNOWN to stringResource(R.string.unknown),
-            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF to stringResource(R.string.disabled),
-            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC to stringResource(R.string.auto),
-            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME to stringResource(R.string.dns_provide_hostname)
-        )
-        val operationResult = mapOf(
-            PRIVATE_DNS_SET_NO_ERROR to stringResource(R.string.success),
-            PRIVATE_DNS_SET_ERROR_HOST_NOT_SERVING to stringResource(R.string.host_not_serving_dns_tls),
-            PRIVATE_DNS_SET_ERROR_FAILURE_SETTING to stringResource(R.string.failed)
-        )
-        var status by remember { mutableStateOf(dnsStatus[dpm.getGlobalPrivateDnsMode(receiver)]) }
+        fun getDnsStatus(code: Int) = when (code) {
+            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_UNKNOWN -> R.string.unknown
+            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF -> R.string.disabled
+            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC -> R.string.auto
+            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME -> R.string.dns_provide_hostname
+            else -> R.string.place_holder
+        }
+        fun getOperationResult(code: Int) = when (code) {
+            PRIVATE_DNS_SET_NO_ERROR -> R.string.success
+            PRIVATE_DNS_SET_ERROR_HOST_NOT_SERVING -> R.string.host_not_serving_dns_tls
+            PRIVATE_DNS_SET_ERROR_FAILURE_SETTING -> R.string.failed
+            else -> R.string.place_holder
+        }
+        var dnsMode by remember { mutableIntStateOf(dpm.getGlobalPrivateDnsMode(receiver)) }
        Spacer(Modifier.padding(vertical = 5.dp))
-        Text(text = stringResource(R.string.current_state, status?:stringResource(R.string.unknown)))
+        Text(stringResource(R.string.current_state, stringResource(getDnsStatus(dnsMode))))
        AnimatedVisibility(visible = dpm.getGlobalPrivateDnsMode(receiver)!=PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC) {
            Spacer(Modifier.padding(vertical = 5.dp))
            Button(
                onClick = {
                    val result = dpm.setGlobalPrivateDnsModeOpportunistic(receiver)
-                    Toast.makeText(context, operationResult[result], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
-                    status = dnsStatus[dpm.getGlobalPrivateDnsMode(receiver)]
+                    context.popToast(getOperationResult(result))
+                    dnsMode = dpm.getGlobalPrivateDnsMode(receiver)
                },
                modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()
            ) {
@@ -1438,18 +1440,17 @@ fun PrivateDnsScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
        Button(
            onClick = {
                focusMgr.clearFocus()
-                val result: Int
                try {
-                    result = dpm.setGlobalPrivateDnsModeSpecifiedHost(receiver,inputHost)
-                    Toast.makeText(context, operationResult[result], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    val result = dpm.setGlobalPrivateDnsModeSpecifiedHost(receiver,inputHost)
+                    context.popToast(getOperationResult(result))
                } catch(e: IllegalArgumentException) {
                    e.printStackTrace()
-                    Toast.makeText(context, R.string.invalid_hostname, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    context.popToast(R.string.invalid_hostname)
                } catch(e: SecurityException) {
                    e.printStackTrace()
-                    Toast.makeText(context, R.string.security_exception, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    context.popToast(R.string.security_exception)
                } finally {
-                    status = dnsStatus[dpm.getGlobalPrivateDnsMode(receiver)]
+                    dnsMode = dpm.getGlobalPrivateDnsMode(receiver)
                }
            },
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()
@@ -1483,11 +1484,11 @@ fun AlwaysOnVpnPackageScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
            true
        } catch(e: UnsupportedOperationException) {
            e.printStackTrace()
-            Toast.makeText(context, R.string.unsupported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+            context.popToast(R.string.unsupported)
            false
        } catch(e: NameNotFoundException) {
            e.printStackTrace()
-            Toast.makeText(context, R.string.not_installed, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+            context.popToast(R.string.not_installed)
            false
        }
    }
@@ -1588,7 +1589,7 @@ fun RecommendedGlobalProxyScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                    return@Button
                }
                if(proxyUri == "") {
-                    Toast.makeText(context, R.string.invalid_config, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    context.popToast(R.string.invalid_config)
                    return@Button
                }
                val uri = proxyUri.toUri()
@@ -1597,7 +1598,7 @@ fun RecommendedGlobalProxyScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                    port = proxyPort.toInt()
                } catch(e: NumberFormatException) {
                    e.printStackTrace()
-                    Toast.makeText(context, R.string.invalid_config, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    context.popToast(R.string.invalid_config)
                    return@Button
                }
                val proxyInfo =
@@ -1611,7 +1612,7 @@ fun RecommendedGlobalProxyScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                        ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(proxyUri, port, exclList.lines())
                    }
                if(VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30 && !proxyInfo.isValid) {
-                    Toast.makeText(context, R.string.invalid_config, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    context.popToast(R.string.invalid_config)
                    return@Button
                }
                dpm.setRecommendedGlobalProxy(receiver, proxyInfo)
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/Password.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/Password.kt
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager.RESET_PASSWORD_REQUIRE_ENTRY
 import android.content.Context
 import android.os.Build.VERSION
 import android.os.UserManager
-import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import androidx.compose.animation.AnimatedVisibility
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Arrangement
@@ -70,6 +69,7 @@ import com.bintianqi.owndroid.HorizontalPadding
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.R
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.SharedPrefs
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.myPrivilege
+import com.bintianqi.owndroid.popToast
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.showOperationResultToast
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.CheckBoxItem
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.FullWidthCheckBoxItem
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ fun ResetPasswordTokenScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                try {
                    context.showOperationResultToast(dpm.setResetPasswordToken(receiver, tokenByteArray))
                } catch(_:SecurityException) {
-                    Toast.makeText(context, R.string.security_exception, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    context.popToast(R.string.security_exception)
                }
            },
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth().padding(bottom = 10.dp),
@@ -285,8 +285,8 @@ fun ResetPasswordTokenScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                onClick = {
                    if(!dpm.isResetPasswordTokenActive(receiver)) {
                        try { activateToken(context) }
-                        catch(_:NullPointerException) { Toast.makeText(context, R.string.please_set_a_token, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() }
-                    } else { Toast.makeText(context, R.string.token_already_activated, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() }
+                        catch(_:NullPointerException) { context.popToast(R.string.please_set_a_token) }
+                    } else { context.popToast(R.string.token_already_activated) }
                },
                modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(0.49F)
            ) {
@@ -560,6 +560,6 @@ private fun activateToken(context: Context) {
    if (confirmIntent != null) {
        startActivity(context,confirmIntent, null)
    } else {
-        Toast.makeText(context, R.string.failed, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+        context.showOperationResultToast(false)
    }
 }
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/System.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/System.kt
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import android.net.Uri
 import android.os.Build.VERSION
 import android.os.HardwarePropertiesManager
 import android.os.UserManager
-import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.activity.compose.rememberLauncherForActivityResult
 import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
@@ -129,6 +128,7 @@ import com.bintianqi.owndroid.formatFileSize
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.humanReadableDate
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.myPrivilege
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.parseDate
+import com.bintianqi.owndroid.popToast
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.showOperationResultToast
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.CheckBoxItem
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.ErrorDialog
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ fun SystemManagerScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit, onNavigate: (Any) -> Unit) {
                            }
                            dialog = 0
                        } catch(_: IllegalStateException) {
-                            Toast.makeText(context, R.string.failed, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                            context.showOperationResultToast(false)
                        }
                    },
                    enabled = dialog != 4 || input.length in 6..64
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ fun SystemOptionsScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                    getState = { dpm.autoTimeRequired }, onCheckedChange = { dpm.setAutoTimeRequired(receiver,it) }, padding = false)
            }
        }
-        SwitchItem(R.string.master_mute, icon = R.drawable.volume_off_fill0,
+        if (!privilege.work) SwitchItem(R.string.master_mute, icon = R.drawable.volume_off_fill0,
            getState = { dpm.isMasterVolumeMuted(receiver) }, onCheckedChange = {
                dpm.setMasterVolumeMuted(receiver,it)
                createShortcuts(context)
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ fun MtePolicyScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                    dpm.mtePolicy = selectedMtePolicy
                    context.showOperationResultToast(true)
                } catch(_: java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException) {
-                    Toast.makeText(context, R.string.unsupported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    context.popToast(R.string.unsupported)
                }
                selectedMtePolicy = dpm.mtePolicy
            },
@@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ private fun ColumnScope.StartLockTaskMode() {
        onClick = {
            if(!NotificationUtils.checkPermission(context)) return@Button
            if(!dpm.isLockTaskPermitted(startLockTaskApp)) {
-                Toast.makeText(context, R.string.app_not_allowed, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                context.popToast(R.string.app_not_allowed)
                return@Button
            }
            val options = ActivityOptions.makeBasic().setLockTaskEnabled(true)
@@ -1267,7 +1267,7 @@ private fun ColumnScope.StartLockTaskMode() {
            if (launchIntent != null) {
                context.startActivity(launchIntent, options.toBundle())
            } else {
-                Toast.makeText(context, R.string.failed, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                context.showOperationResultToast(false)
            }
        },
        enabled = startLockTaskApp.isNotBlank() && (!specifyActivity || startLockTaskActivity.isNotBlank())
@@ -1457,7 +1457,7 @@ fun CaCertScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
        },
        floatingActionButton = {
            FloatingActionButton({
-                Toast.makeText(context, R.string.select_ca_cert, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                context.popToast(R.string.select_ca_cert)
                getCertLauncher.launch(arrayOf("*/*"))
            }) {
                Icon(Icons.Default.Add, stringResource(R.string.install))
@@ -1628,7 +1628,7 @@ fun SecurityLoggingScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
            onClick = {
                val logs = dpm.retrievePreRebootSecurityLogs(receiver)
                if(logs == null) {
-                    Toast.makeText(context, R.string.no_logs, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    context.popToast(R.string.no_logs)
                    return@Button
                } else {
                    val outputStream = ByteArrayOutputStream()
@@ -2021,7 +2021,7 @@ fun InstallSystemUpdateScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                else -> R.string.unknown
            }
            val errMsg = context.getString(R.string.install_system_update_failed) + context.getString(errDetail)
-            Toast.makeText(context, errMsg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+            context.popToast(errMsg)
        }
    }
    var uri by remember { mutableStateOf<Uri?>(null) }
@@ -2044,7 +2044,7 @@ fun InstallSystemUpdateScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                    val executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool()
                    try {
                        dpm.installSystemUpdate(receiver, uri!!, executor, callback)
-                        Toast.makeText(context, R.string.start_install_system_update, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                        context.popToast(R.string.start_install_system_update)
                    } catch(e: Exception) {
                        errorMessage = e.message
                    }
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/UserRestriction.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/UserRestriction.kt
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 package com.bintianqi.owndroid.dpm

 import android.os.Build
-import android.os.Bundle
 import android.os.UserManager
 import androidx.annotation.DrawableRes
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import androidx.annotation.StringRes
-import androidx.compose.foundation.clickable
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Arrangement
-import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Column
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Row
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Spacer
@@ -16,8 +13,6 @@ import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.WindowInsets
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxWidth
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.ime
-import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.imePadding
-import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.offset
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
 import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.LazyColumn
 import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.items
@@ -27,14 +22,12 @@ import androidx.compose.foundation.text.KeyboardOptions
 import androidx.compose.foundation.verticalScroll
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.Icons
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Add
-import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Check
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Edit
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.outlined.Delete
 import androidx.compose.material3.ExperimentalMaterial3Api
 import androidx.compose.material3.Icon
 import androidx.compose.material3.IconButton
 import androidx.compose.material3.LargeTopAppBar
-import androidx.compose.material3.MaterialTheme
 import androidx.compose.material3.MaterialTheme.colorScheme
 import androidx.compose.material3.MaterialTheme.typography
 import androidx.compose.material3.OutlinedTextField
@@ -66,10 +59,7 @@ import com.bintianqi.owndroid.R
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.myPrivilege
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.FunctionItem
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.MyLazyScaffold
-import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.MyScaffold
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.NavIcon
-import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.SwitchItem
-import com.bintianqi.owndroid.zhCN
 import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable

@Serializable
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/Users.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/Users.kt
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import android.os.Build.VERSION
 import android.os.Process
 import android.os.UserHandle
 import android.os.UserManager
-import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.activity.compose.rememberLauncherForActivityResult
 import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
@@ -66,6 +65,7 @@ import com.bintianqi.owndroid.HorizontalPadding
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.R
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.myPrivilege
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.parseTimestamp
+import com.bintianqi.owndroid.popToast
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.showOperationResultToast
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.CircularProgressDialog
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.FullWidthCheckBoxItem
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ fun UsersScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit, onNavigate: (Any) -> Unit) {
                }
            }
            FunctionItem(R.string.change_user_icon, icon = R.drawable.account_circle_fill0) {
-                Toast.makeText(context, R.string.select_an_image, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                context.popToast(R.string.select_an_image)
                launcher.launch("image/*")
            }
            if(changeUserIconDialog) ChangeUserIconDialog(bitmap!!) { changeUserIconDialog = false }
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ fun UsersScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit, onNavigate: (Any) -> Unit) {
                onClick = {
                    if(dialog == 2) {
                        val result = dpm.logoutUser(receiver)
-                        Toast.makeText(context, userOperationResultCode(result), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                        context.popToast(userOperationResultCode(result))
                    }
                    dialog = 0
                }
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ fun UserOperationScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
            userManager.getUserForSerialNumber(input.toLong())
        }
        if(userHandle == null) {
-            Toast.makeText(context, R.string.user_not_exist, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+            context.popToast(R.string.user_not_exist)
        } else {
            operation(userHandle)
        }
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ fun UserOperationScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                    focusMgr.clearFocus()
                    withUserHandle {
                        val result = dpm.startUserInBackground(receiver, it)
-                        Toast.makeText(context, userOperationResultCode(result), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                        context.popToast(userOperationResultCode(result))
                    }
                },
                enabled = legalInput,
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ fun UserOperationScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                    focusMgr.clearFocus()
                    withUserHandle {
                        val result = dpm.stopUser(receiver, it)
-                        Toast.makeText(context, userOperationResultCode(result), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                        context.popToast(userOperationResultCode(result))
                    }
                },
                enabled = legalInput,
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ fun UserOperationScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                        context.showOperationResultToast(true)
                        input = ""
                    } else {
-                        Toast.makeText(context, R.string.failed, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                        context.showOperationResultToast(false)
                    }
                }
            },
@@ -373,9 +373,16 @@ fun CreateUserScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                        withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
                            createdUserSerialNumber = userManager.getSerialNumberForUser(uh)
                        }
-                    } catch(_: Exception) {
+                    } catch(e: Exception) {
+                        e.printStackTrace()
+                        withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
+                            if (VERSION.SDK_INT >= 28 && e is UserManager.UserOperationException) {
+                                context.popToast(e.message ?: context.getString(R.string.error))
+                            } else {
                                context.showOperationResultToast(false)
                            }
+                        }
+                    }
                    withContext(Dispatchers.Main) { creating = false }
                }
            },
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/WorkProfile.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bintianqi/owndroid/dpm/WorkProfile.kt
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import android.content.Intent
 import android.content.IntentFilter
 import android.os.Binder
 import android.os.Build.VERSION
-import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.activity.compose.rememberLauncherForActivityResult
 import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
@@ -59,6 +58,7 @@ import androidx.lifecycle.compose.collectAsStateWithLifecycle
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.IUserService
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.R
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.myPrivilege
+import com.bintianqi.owndroid.popToast
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.showOperationResultToast
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.CheckBoxItem
 import com.bintianqi.owndroid.ui.FunctionItem
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ fun CreateWorkProfileScreen(onNavigateUp: () -> Unit) {
                    if(VERSION.SDK_INT >= 33) { intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PROVISIONING_ALLOW_OFFLINE, offlineProvisioning) }
                    launcher.launch(intent)
                } catch(_: ActivityNotFoundException) {
-                    Toast.makeText(context, R.string.unsupported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                    context.popToast(R.string.unsupported)
                }
            },
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()